Pump



Aug. 14,: 1945.

J. F. JOY

PUMP

s Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 18, 1942 J. F. JOY

PUMP

Aug} 14, 1945.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Marbn 18. 1942 Joseph F. 11:17

Aug. 14, 1945. J. F. JOY 2,381,910

PUMP

. Filed March 18, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Joseph F: LTCLY- oi. the pump.

P anning. 14, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PUMP , Joseph Eloy,Claremont, N. 11. Application March 18, 1942, Serial No. 435,188 1 IClaims. ((31. lot-1'14) (Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as

amended April 30, 1928; 370 O. G. 757) The invention described hereinmay he manuifacturedand used by or for the Government for governmentalpurposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon. Thisinvention relates toa reversible fluid pump I and more particularly to apump adapted to function in a hydraulic elevating mechanism such as thatshown in my copending application, Serial No. 435,186, filed March 18,1942.

As a result of the weight and bulkiness of the equipmentpreviously used;hydraulic elevating mechanisms have been limited in their application tofixed guns or the type employed on warships and in coast defenseemplacements. It is therefore an object of this invention to produce asmall compact hydraulic pump capable of manual operation and which hassufllcient capacity to function as an element of a hydraulic elevatingmechanism on mobile artillery weapons.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a reversible flow,multi-cylindered, hydraulic pumpcapable of delivering a smoothcontinuous flow at relatively high pressures.

It is a further object to provide a. reciprocating pump in which anypiston or valve leakage will be trapped and returned to the intake sideof the system regardless of the direction of operation of the pump.

The exact nature of the invention as well as other objects andadvantages thereof will clearly appear from a description of a preferredembodiment as shown in the accompanying drawings,

in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view Figure 2 is anendelevational view of the pump body partially in section on the line 2-2of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional view on the line 3--3 of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a similar view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Figure 5 is a similar view on the line 6-5 oi Fig. 1.

protuberances 42 are Joined at their outer extremity with theprotuberances 42. An axial cam chamber 48 is provided in the interior ofthe main body portion and a coaxial valve chamber 41 is Provided in thecylindrical portion 43. Two .circumierential grooves 48 and 9 areprovided in the inner wall of the valve chamber 41 and in communicationwith these grooves are, respectively, fluid conduits 50 and Si extendingthrough bushings 52 and 53 to which flexible fluid lines it and 9 may beattached. Cylindrical bores 54 are formed in each of the radialprotuberances s2 communicating with the cam chamber 46 and closed attheir outer end with plugs 55. Radial bores 55 parallel with thecylinders 56 are provided in each of the radial members and placed in.communication with the cylinders by bores 51 parallel to the axis of thebody. Suitable plugsbearings so in the cam chamber t6,'the outer Figure'7 is a perspective view of the coupling member for the pump valve.

Referring to the drawin s by characters of reference the pump body 8comprises a cylindrical Portion having a plurality of radialprotuberances 42' and a coaxial cylindrical portion '48 provided on. itsend remote from the radial protuberances with mountin feet 44. Radialmembers. on the cylindrical portion 43 and parallel with the bearingbeing engaged by a closure plate 61 secured to the main body. Betweenthe bearings an eccentric portion 62 of the shaft 59 engages the innerraceway of a ball bearing 53 of conventional iorm. Pistons 6d areprovided in each of the cylinders and constrained into engagement withthe outer raceway of the bearing 63 by springs as engaged between thepistons 6t and the plugs M. It will be obvious that as the shaftisrotated the pistons will be in turn reciprocated in the cylindersthrough a distance equal to twice the distance which the center or theeccentric portion 82 is removed from the axis of rotation of the shaft59.

The inner end of the main shaft is provided with a tongue 66 to engage aslot 81 in a coupling member as shown in perspective in Figure 7. Avalve 69 is received in the valve chamber M as best shown in Figure 6and provided with a diametrai slot it which receives the tongue ii onthe coupling member constraining the valve to rotation with the maindrive shaft. It will be noted from Figure 8 that, in the portion of thevalve cut by that section, symmetrical segmental portions have beenremoved to tom 9, diametral planar dividing wall 12 between the radialpassages 56, house all of those cylinders on one side of the plane ofthe valve will be placed in communication with one of the longitudinalpassages I3 and I is such that the cylinders directly in line with theplane-oi the valve will be cut oil! from communication with either side.It should be further noted that the plane passing though the center ofdividing wall I2 is the same plane in which the axis of rotation of thedrive shaft 58 and the eccentric axis 01. the cam portion 82 of suchshaft are located. Segmental portions 15 and It ofthe valve have beenremoved in opposition to each of the circumferential grooves 48 and 48in such a manner that the longitudinal passage 14 in the valve will be,through segmental port ll, continuously in communication with thecircumferential groove 48, fluid conduit 50 and flexible fluid line"while the longitudinal passage 13 will be,

through segmental port II, in communication with the circumferentialgroove BI and flexible fluid line 9.

For the purpose of illustration it may be assumed that the main driveshaft 59 is rotated in clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2. Thevalve 69 being coupled to the drive shaft will also rotate in clockwisedirection as viewed in Figures 2 to 5. Considering a line drawn from theaxis of rotation of the shaft through the center of theeccentric portionas being a line drawn from the center of a clock face to 3 o'clock itwill be seen that those cylinders in alignment with this line will beblocked off by the ends of the dividing wall I! of the valve while thosecylinders in the 9 to 3 o'clock zone will communicate with fluid line 9;

' as the shaft is rotated clockwise, the pistons. of

those cylinders will be impelled nearer to the center of the shaft bythe springs with a result that there will be an inflow of oil throughline 9, valve port It, and valve passage 13 to these cylinders. Arrowshave been providedto indicate the direction of flow through the pump onclockwise rotation of the drive shaft. n the other hand those cylindersin the 3 to 9 oclock zone will have been previously fllled with oil andon clockwise rotationwlll be displaced outwardly by the cam inopposition to spring pressure displacing the fluid therein which willpass through the valve passage 14 and valve port 16 to the fluid lineIt. Thus, each piston in turn will be fllled as it is forced inwardly bythe spring, momentarily shut ofl, connected to the outlet, and forcedout by the cam to discharge the fluid, again momentarily shut ofl, andthe cycle repeated. Obviously a rever of the direction of rotation ofthe drive shaft 1 cause a reversal in the flow of fluid in the fluidlines 0 and I0 and hence in the direction of motion of a hydraulic motordevice such as a gun elevating cylinder connected thereto. 1

' It is possible that there may be some leakage longitudinally oi thevalve, from the circumferential grooves 43 and 49 in the valve chamber.To

prevent any excess pressure from building up in the back end of thevalve chamber and to equalize pressures on the two ends of the valve,pressure equalizing es 11 are drilled longitudinally of the valve andcommunicate with both chamber.

sage tub valves are in order that there will always be one conditionedto open to the low pressure side. If this provision were not made, theslight piston leakagewhich may reasonably be expected, might in timebuild upsuflicient pressure in the cam'chamber to partially overcome theforce oi the piston return springs resuiting in a reduced piston'strokeor possibly in an inoperative condition of the pump.

In order to eliminate air bubbles in the fluid and to insure cylinder.filling at all times it is contemplated that the pump be operated inconnection with a closed system, charged to a pressure preferablyabout-50' lbs. per square inch above atmospheric. To insure that thesystem be maintained full of fluid a reserve chamber Bil is provided incommunication with the cam chamber. The reserve chamber I. is providedwith a one-way valve II at its bottom end through which fluid may passfreely into the system by way of the cam chamber and bleeder valveswhile its return therefrom will be prevented by the automatic closing ofthe valve when the system pressure is at least as great as that of theair trapped over the oil in the reserve chamber. Provision is madeforreplenishins the supply of oil and thus maintaining the pressure bymeans oi! a pressure gage equipped oil gun discharging into the systemthrough the'ball valve type oil fltting I! located on the base of thereserve Although the pump of this application is ideally suited to'handoperation it is obviously not limited thereto. Such a pump has a minimumnumber 01' moving parts and is capable of delivering a smoothpulsationless flow it operated at high speeds by a motor or other sourceof power. The simple construction of this pump greatly reduces the costof manufacture and makes it economical to use and to maintain.

I claim:

1. A pump comprising a body having a, chamber, a pressure outlet, and asuction inlet at least one cylinder in said body radiating from thecenter of said chamber, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder. rotarymeans in said chamber to cause said piston to reciprocate, a valvechamber in said body coaxial with said chamber, a valve having two portsin said valve chamber and rotatable with said rotary means one of saidports being in communication with the pressure outlet of the pump andthe other port being in communication with the suction inlet, and a pairof bleeder valves on said valve, one oi said bleeder valvescommunicating between said chamber and one of said ports and the otheroi said bleeder valves communicating between said chamber and the otherof said ports, whereby the particular one of the said pair of bleedervalves in communication with the said suction port serves to' relievethe pressure in the said chamber.

2. A pump as described in claim 1, said valve being penetratedlongitudinally by pressure equaltudinal es 1! and I4. Since, dependingon the direction of rotation, one or the other or these passages becomesanintake or low pressure pasizing s whereby unbalanced pressures whichmight tend to cause axial movement of said valve may be relieved.

3. In a hydraulic pump, a cylindrical chamber, at least one pumpcylinder'radia'ting outward from the chamber, a piston in the chamber,driving means for the piston, a shatt centered in the chamber androtatable to operate the driving means, a rotatable valve in one endotthe chamber, and a coupling between the shaft and the valve, thecoupling being .mova letransversely of the shai't on a diameter the of.and being movable transversely oi the valve on a diameter thereof, saiddiameters beina substantially 90 apart.

4. The invention as in claim 3, in which the coupling is -a memberhaving aslot inone -tace and a protruding tongue on its opposite face,the

' slot and tongue being substantially 90 apart and a coupling betweenthe shaft and the valve, the

coupling being movablev transversely of the shaft on a diameter thereofand being movable transversely of the valve on a diameter thereof, saiddiameters being substantially 90 apart.

6. The invention as in claim 5, in which the coupling is a member havinga slot in one face and a protruding tongue on its opposite face, the

slot and tongue being substantially 90 apart and being adapted tocooperate with a corresponding tongue and a corresponding slot in thevalve and shaft.

'1.A pump adapted for operation in a closed fluid system, comprising abody having a chamher, a pressure outlet, and a suction inlet, at leastone cylinder in said body radiating from the center of said chamber, apiston reciprocable in said cylinder, rotary means in said chamber tocause said piston to reciprocate, a valve chamber in said body coaxialwith said chamber, a valve having two. ports in said valve chamber androtatable with said rotarymeans, one of said ports being incommunication with the pressure outlet of the pump and the other portbeing in communication with the suction inlet, a pair of bleed- .ervalves on said valve, one of said bleeder valvescommunicating betweensaid chamber and one of said ports and the other of said bleeder valvescommunicating between said chamber and the other of said ports, wherebythe particular one of the said pair of bleeder valves .in communicationwith the said suction port serves to relieve the pressure in the saidchamber, means containing a reserve fluid supply adapted to be placed incommunication with said chamber, and means to apply pressure to saidreserve fluid-supplycontaining means whereby fluid losses in "the closedfluid system in which said pump is adapted to operate may be replenishedas they occur.

JOSEPH F. JoY.

